Using three meteorological factors such as temperature, average wind speed, relative humiditymeasured by automatic weather station in real - time as the basic parameters, the critical meteorological index for freezing and melting of wind sensor in automatic weather station was established. The wind - driven sensor antifreezing heating device was controlled for automatic operation through the PC - RS232 communication interface, ATmega8 - based single - chip and op toelectronic isolation circuit, which would realize the goal of the wind sensor antifreezeing p rotection in automatic weather station.

 Quantitative analysis of errors in lightning orientation is the key issue in its app lication. In this paper, errors and their sources in the lightning orientation p rocess are analyzed based on the p rincip le of TOA lightning orientation. With a computationalmodel,we quantify errors in lightning orientation,which can be used to evaluate errors of existing lightning orientation network, and can offer some help in distribution of future lightning location system. As an examp le, the lightning network in Lanzhou CentralMeteorologicalObservatory, it demonstrated that“five stations distribution”had some advantage, which can help to select locations for the future detection network in Gansu p rovince.